In patients without risk factors who are aged 40-45, how often should cholesterol screening be performed?

• A. Every 1 year
• B. 3-5 years
• C. Every 10 years
• D. Never

Answer: (C)

Screening intervals for lipids are guided by overall risk. In adults without risk factors, a lipid panel that is normal at baseline can be repeated less frequently because dyslipidemia tends to develop slowly and the yield of frequent testing is low. Therefore, if a patient aged 40–45 has no risk factors and a normal result, rechecking lipids about every 10 years is a reasonable balance between catching emerging risk and avoiding unnecessary testing. If initial results are abnormal or new risk factors appear (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, family history of premature ASCVD, obesity), the follow-up interval should be shorter and management of lipids considered. Testing more often than every few years without new risk factors doesn’t add meaningful benefit here, and never screening would miss gradual changes in lipid status.